Speed-regulator for explosive-engines.



No. 812,371. PATENTED FEB. 13, 1906.

J. A. SBGOR.

SPEED REGULATOR FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR.16,1904=.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1 WJTNESSESQ INVENTOR. M M y W W @QML ATTORNEY.

PATENTED FEB. 13, 1906.

J. A. SBGOR. ,SPBED REGULATOR FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MARJG, 1904.

3 SHEBTS-SHEET 2.

Ill/Ill IIII/I/ w IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII/ IIIIIIIIII y/L INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y.

WITNESSES:

UN TED STATES PATENT oFrroE.

JOHN ALSTYNE SECOR, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL- POWER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF EW JERSEY.

SPEED-REGULATOR FOR EXPLOSIVE-ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 13, 1906.

Application filed March 16, 1904. Serial No, 198.345.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN ALSTYNE SEOOR, a citizen of the United States, residing inthe borough of Brooklyn, in the city of New York, county of Kings, State of New York, have invented new' and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates generally to internal,

fuel throttling-valve, a water t rottling-' valve, and an electric ignition-timing mechanism are unitedly actuated by means of a common control or governor, so that the separate movements of each of these several mechanisms are.cooperatively re ulated in unison the control or governor t ereby simultaneously determining the relative proportions of the constituents of the ture, the volume, and thereby the compression of each charge, the internal temperature of the combustion chamber, and the time of ignition.

invention therefore comprises means for obtaining a triple-unit control over, first, the internal heat; secondpthe transformation of heat into power, and, third, power production, thus the temperature of the combustionchamber being regulated by the admixture-of finely-atomized water as a constituent element' of the fuel charge, and the quantity of water thus supplied for the absorption of excess heat being varied in consonance with the variation in engine speed or power output. As concerns the transformation of heat into power, the proportions of the several ingredients in the fuel mixture are varied with micrometric precision in thermodynamic correlation'with the degree of compression,"and

as to power production, the mean effective pressure of the working stroke which determines speed and power, being controlled by varying in correlation the roportions, quantity, and compression of the fuel charge, the time of ignition, and temperature of combustion, secures the improved results.

i As a matter of convenience in the annexed fuel mix-- ilrsilwings, making a part of this specification,

single-cylinder engine designed to useheavy or non-volatile oil as fuel and havin the combustion-chamber adjacent to the cy inder and admissionand exhaust valves of the puppet type operating upon the cycle of Beau de Rochas. For purposes of illustrationI show one engine in which the time of ignition is controlled manually, while the admission of the air and fuel is controlled directly by the governor and the admission of the starting fuel and water is controlled by the action of the governor controlled volume of air as it passes to the combustion-chamber through the airinlet passage. I also show in another figure an engine in which the time of ignition,

the supply of air and fuel, and the supply of.

water are each controlled independently and directly by theaction of the governor and the starting fuel is controlled indirectly by means of the inru shing air through the air-inlet'passage, these modifications being fully within the scope and tenor of my said in-- vention.

I In the drawin sannexed, Figure I shows an end View of t e upper part of an engine with some arts in section in the lane a; l on Figs. II, III, IV, and V. Fig. II is a lan view of the lower part of Fig. I. Fig. III is a lan view showing the top of the en ine. Fig. IV is an elevation side View of Fig. Fig. V is a plan view, princi ally in section, on an enlarged scale, in the plane to z of Figs. I and IV. Fig. VI shows the bottom of the firing-plug and diagrammatically its electrical connections. Fig. VII is an elevation end view of an en ine-cylinder and governor mechanism of a s ightly-different type from that shown in Figs. I and IV. Fig. VIII is'a plan view in the'plane p g on Fig. VII. Fig. IX is a sectional View, on an enlarged scale, in the plane it t of Fig. I. I

A represents the frame of the engine. (The shaft, wheels, gears, valve, cams, &c., are not shown.)

B is the cylinder.

O is the cylinder-cover, and D the exhaustp E is the admission-passage, through which the fuel and air are supplied to the combustion-chamber F;

G is the air'throttling-valve, and M the fuel throttling-valve.

H is the air-inlet passage.

owmy invention as applied to a vertical body91, held in place in the nut 95. A. hollow removab e seat" 92 :is en ga edby a valve stem 61... The outlet at right-angles. to the passage Eat 94 and-oper K is the starting and water cup, and L the fuel-oil reservoir.

N is the firing-plug.

The cu K is anannular casting forming two simi ar separate chambers 74 and 81, both 0 en at the top. 'From-near't'he 'bottom 0 each chamber a vertical passage 79 and 76, respectively, leads nea'rly-to'thetop' and turns by the passages 80 and 77 toward and enters the air-inlet assage' H at right angles thereto substantia ly in the form of a jet-nozzle. The size of the opening at-the bottom of the passage 79 is controlledbythe screw 82 and that of the passage 76.'by.the screw 78. "The chamber 81-- forms the startin cup and the chamber 74 the water-cup-" he water-chamber 74 has an overflowoutlet 75, which drains it to or .below the level of the. bottom of the assage77. Water is supplied to jsaid'cham er 74 in any co'nven ient way, such as ipes 71-and 73, connected to the water-jac et chamber 70 and controlledv by the valve 72.

The air throttlingvalve G is su plie d through the air-inlet passage H, whic con-'- nects with the'atmosphere by the'perfora tions 83' in the sides of. the inlet-pipe. Bfe-j tweenthe passages H and is a restricted opening or port 96 in the air-valve chamber which is closed by; the an ularmoveni'entof. the sector 36. The inlet from the passa e E to the combustion-chamber 'F .is controle dt by the puppet-valve 43f, (operated by anyor dinary mechanism, not shown.)

Fuel-oil is pumped through the pipe 69 (by an ordinary pump operated by the engine,-

not shown) I into the reservoir-chamber 67. The oil is maintained'at or very near thel'evelof the oil-throttling-valve outlet 94by-means of the overflow-pipe 68. The r e'servoir out let is through the ipe 64. and is controlledby the valve 66, hel infplace bythe cover The 0 ening in the cover 65 for the stem of the va ve 66 also affords a vent for the reservoir-chamber 6.7., 4

The oil. throttling-valve M. consists of a ates substantially as ajet nozzle. f The stem 61 is made tight by the gland and packingnut 93.

The governor (not shown) actuates vertically the rod 63, which by the lever 62 con nectswith the stem 54 of the air-valve G, on which is rigidly mounted the sector-36i and the lever 55. The lever-arm 55 is'slotted tnward the outer end, and a perforated disk 56,

engaging a pin 57 and. carrying the {bolt 38 through the slot, determines theradius of the are through which the saidarmacts.- The bolt 38 carries one end of a longitudinally flexible connecting-rod 37, which inv turn is attached to another arm 58, which moves asSagEBy th loosely on the oil-valve stem 61. A third arm 59, made fast to said stem 61,-is free to .move through several degrees on the arm 58 andcanbe fastened rigidly thereto by the screw 60.

Thefirin -plug N consists of a body 12, which is he d in the cylinder-head extension ll'b'y nuts 13' 13. In this lug are two longi tudinal bores, in one of w 'ch slides a movable bent terminal rod 4, while in the other is a relatively fixed terminal rod 3, surrounded by an air-space 2 and held in place byinsulating-washers5 5 and nut 6. A Wire 49 is fastened to this terminal rod by nut 7. To the u per end ofthe terminal rod 4 by means of a ock-bolt 8 is attached an arm 9.. Between the arm 9 and the top of the plu is a spring 10, which holds the terminal r0 4 in place. To the lower end portion of each terminal rod is rovided a contact-point 1. The outer end of the arm 9 is madeof uniform width, thin and hi h, as shown.

On the side of tlie cylinder-casting B is a bracket 19 and on the frame A another bracketi87, through which and a fittingf84 and knurled nut 86 is a rod 18, which. has a head-16.- This head is held in place by a setscrew- 17 and carries two parallel flat springs 15 15;; The normal distance between these two s rings is equal to the width of the outer' end 0 .theabove-mentioned arm 9. The nut 86 is threaded into the bracket 87. The fitting 84, made fast to the'rod 18 carries the finger 85. The shaft 90 carries the wheel 89, on which is the cam 88, whichimparts an angular motion to the finger 85 during a part of each revolution of the shaft 9( Turning the knurled nut 86 raises or lowers the fitting 84 andvthe finger 85 'and its position determines the time whenthecam 88 engages and releases the finger 85 In the t peof engine shown in Figs. VII andVIIIt e air-admission assa e H points upward and carries an annu' ar v0 atile iquid combustible supply-011g 5 similar funci ripln s own in igs.

to side 81 of the cup IV, and-V. In thlS ty e of engine the air- =valve G jand the fuel or -valve Mare as described above: The oil-valve M is supplied from a reservoir L, (Not; shown in the draw ings, butlmounted on the cylinder-casting O, as shown on the cylinder-casting B in, Figs. III

- and IV.) Mounted near the oil reservoir L on the same side of the cylinder-casting O is a like reservoir sup lied in a similar -manner with water instea of oil and communicating with a water throttling-valve J similar in construction to the oil throttlingwalve M. The

Water:throttling valve J occupies the same relative position in reference to the admissionpassa e E and'its own Water-reservoir that the oi -valve occupies in reference to the same passage and to its reservoir L. In this engine the lay-shaft 42 is connected to the main shaft of the engine by helical gears (not shown) and made to revolve at the same speed as the engine. This shaft carries the governor-weights 40 and a loose sleeve 39. The governor-weights 40 are .drawn together by the springs 41, and the rotative action of the engine causes them to fly outward and to lift the sleeve 39, which in turn imparts motion to the connecting-rod 34 and by means of a three-armed lever 33, pivoted at 51 to the three connecting-rods 32, 35, and 100.. The connecting-rod 35 operates the arm 53, which is rigidly mounted on the stem 54, and its movement controls the air-valve G and the oil-valve M in the manner hereinbefore described in referring to the lever 62. (Shown in Figs. I, III, and IV. The connecting-rod 100, together with the arms 101 and 103 and the screw 104, controls the action of the'watervalve stem, 102,in the manner hereinbefore described as to the control of the oil-valve stem 61 by the connecting-rod 37 and t e arms 58 and 59 and the screw 60. The vertical lay-shaft 42 transmits mot-ion to the horizontal cam-shaft 31 by means of spiral gears 50 and 28, having a ratio of one to two, so that the cam-shaft 31 makes one complete revolution for each four strokes of the piston. The vertical rod 18, carrying the spark-finger connection '15 16 17, as hereinbefore described, is supported by a collar 21 and a bracket 20. The rod 18 carries near to its lower end and at right angles to it an arm 23,

having pivoted on its end a finger 24, the

outer end of which is pressed u ward by the spring 25. Pivoted on the s aft 31 is a forked lever 30, one arm of which engages the connecting-rod 32. The other arm of the lever 30 supports a pin 29, against which the finger 24 presses upward. The cam 27, rigidly connected to the shaft 31, revolves in the direction shown and during a portion of each revolution presses the finger 24 outward and then releases it, and thereby through the intervention of the arm 23 imparts the same motion to the rod 18 that the cam 88 imparts to a similar rod 18 through the finger 85- on the first type of engine hereinbefore described.

The action of the firing-plug is as follows: The wire 49, connected to the insulated terminal rod 3, as hereinbefore described, and the wire 48, which is connected by the screw 14 to the body 12, form in connection with the terminal rods 3 and 4 the contact-points 1 1, a switch 45, a source of electrical energy 47, and means for creating a spark, such as a coil 46, a complete electric circuit. The gearing or other mechanism (not shown) which rotates the shaft 90 one revolution for each four strokes of the piston is so adjusted that the cam 88 will engage the finger 85 at about the beginning of the compression-stroke and 6 release it at or near the time when the piston starts on its downward travel following the I completion of the compression-stroke. As

the cam 88 imparts an angular motion to the finger 85 and a rotative motion to the rod 18 the free end of one'of the springs 15 is pressed against the side near the middle of the arm 9, near the rod 4, and the said spring is thereby put under compression, while the end of the other spring is free to move outward to some distance from the arm 9. The arm 9 is so adjusted on the rod 4 that when its outer end is moved slightly out of the plane 00 y the contact-points 1 1 are pressed firmly together and the electric circuit closed. When the cam 88 releases the finger 85, the spring 15, which has been pressing against the arm 9, instantly tends to straighten itself and turns the rod 18 and finger 85 back toward their normal position, thus bringing the free end of the other spring 15 against the outer end of the arm 9 with a sudden hammer-blow,which separates the points 1 1 very quickly and causes a good fat spark. As the position of the knurled nut 86 determines the time when the cam 88 releases the finger 85, it determines the exact time in reference to the motion of the piston when the contact-points 1 1 are separated and the electric spark made to occur to begin the firing of the compressed charge.

'The action of th governor of the engine shown in Figs. I, II,III, and IV is as follows: The rod 63 is connected to a suitable governor, (not shown,) so that an increase in rotative' speed causes the governor to lower the rod 63 and a decrease in rotative speed causes a raising of the same rod. When the engine is at rest or moving very slowly,.this action of the governor by raising the rod 63 raises the lever 62, thereby turning the airvalve shaft 54 in a clockwise direction and moving the sector 36 until it exposes the opening 96, and-thus opens the air-valve G. The same motion is transmitted by the connecting-rod 37 to the oil-valve M and by unscrewing its stem 61 opens the oil-passage. As the engine approaches its normal rotative speed the governor moves the rod 63 upward, and both the air and oil valves are closed until the requisite amount of each element is fed to the engine to maintain it at its normal rotative speed. By changing the position of the perforated disk 56 on the pin 57 it is obvious that the ratio of the radius of the arc through which the arm 55 acts to the radius of the are through which the arm 58 acts may be varied, and consequently the angular motion imparted to the arm 58 by a given movement of the arm 55. This ratio can also be altered by changing the'angl e between the sector 36 and the arm 55. The freedom of movement of the arm 59 on the arm 58 permits fine adjustment of the stem 61 in reference to its seat 92. When each'motor is being tested at the point of manufacture prior to shipment, the operator is enabled by these adjustments to provide for relatively stronger or weaker mixtures to suit the various chemical and thermodynamicconditions incident to varying load conditions, thereby securing for each degree of load the most effi-' cient proportions between fuel. and air in place of being forced to resort to a fixed roportion correct for only one degree of loa as as been heretofore necessary.

When liquid fuel is used, as, is the case with I I without straining or injuring the former.

This flexible connection is especially valuable when the engine is subjected to sudden or violent changes of load, as when-all the load is thrown off at one time, thereby causing the'go ernor to act with such suddenn'ess and force is to jam the fuel-valve and injure it if not protected by this flexible connection.

The chamber 81 of the cup- K is designed to hold'suflicient volatile liquid combustible, such as alcohol, to furnish when properly commingled with air and exploded enough power to operate the engine for a short time until the combustion-chamber F and adja-' cent parts have reached a temperatureap- .proximating normal working conditions.

When it is desired to start the motor into operation, the fuel oil-reservoir valve 66 is closed, thereby shutting off the normal supply of fuel. volatile liquid combustible and the switch 45 closed. The engine is then rotated by a crank or other suitable means, and at the first suction-stroke the downward motion of the piston produces aninductive action, and the atmospheric air-pressure forces air through the perforations 83 into and through the airpassage- H, the port 96, the air-passage E, and'the valve 43 into the combustion-chamber F. Asthe air passes the nozzle its mechanically-inductive and liquid-spraying action draws some of the volatile liquid combustible through the passage-way 79 and the nozzle 80 out of the chamber 81 and thoroughly atomizes and mixes it with the air charge. As the outlet 80 is slightly below the top of the annular casting K, the act of filling the chamber 81 full causes a slight overflow of the starting liquid into the passage-way H. As the result 'of this action the first charge drawn into the engine is sufficiently strong to be explosive, notwithstanding that when the starting operation begins the interior of the valve G and all of the passage-way E is filled with air not impregnated with the starting fluid. The first air char e as it moves through the passage H not on y The chamber 8 1 is filled with 'siasti takes upand va orizes the small qiiantity of starting fluid w ich has overflowedinto the passage, but starts.- an inductive action through the nozzle 80. At thecompletionof this first suction-stroke the pup closes in; the usual manner and t e compression-stroke follows, during which the cam 88 engages the finger 85.

Prior to applying the crank or other starting agent the nut 86 has been screwed down-.

ward, so that the cam 88 does not release the finger until the piston has started on its downward travel after the com letionof the compression stroke. the spark necessarily occurs when the crank has passed. the center point, and; the explosion of the initial charge forces the engine ahead and cannot in any case cause it to reverse its motion, this result, further, being accomplished irrespective of the speed at.

which. the engine is started. With the second and each succeeding suction-stroke the inrushin air passes the et-nozzle 80 and inhales and atomizes a fres supply of the starting fluid. After one or two explosions the engine gains sufiicient momentum to go through a complete cycle without external assistance, and after two or three more its.

speed is sufficiently accelerated to permit the governor to begin to act. In closing the airvalve G by restrictin the valve-opening 96 the governor reduces t e amountof air drawn into the engine at each suction-stroke, and consequently as a direct result reduces the quantity of starting fluid inhaled through the nozzle 80. At the same time that the governor is thus decreasing the airr-suppl as the result of the increased rotative spec of the engine the walls of the combustion-chamber F and-of the cylinder absorb heat from the successive exploded charges and begin to a proach normal working temperatures. s-

et-valve 43.

This bemg the case,

the temperatures of thecombustion-chamber and the upper part'of the cylinder increase.

the vaporization of the combustible during the compression-stroke is facilitated and the quantity of combustible required for the complete combustion of a unit mass of air is decreased. In order to decrease the amount of starting fuel supplied, both actually and in more rapidly-advancing ratio than the decrease in the qluantity of air supplied .to the successive exp cross-section of the chamber 81 is so proportioned as to provide aconstantl -lowering level following each inhalation of t e starting fuel, such lowering level being in due proportion to the decreased demand for combustible in-each explosive charge, which results from the increasm temperature of the combustionchamber an 0 linder. As the engine accelerates its spec the amount of fluid inhaled by the passage of a given unit of air across the nozzle 80 is relatively decreased on account 1 of the level of the fuel in the chamber81being osive charges, the horizontal plied through the starting-cup. This diminuof raising the liquid fuel through the passage.

way 79. This process of restricting the amount'of air-supply by the action of'the.

governor also decreases both the pro ortion ate and actual amount of combusti le sup tion of the fuel-supply proceeds in a positive and entirely automatic manner until the available supply of liquid combustible contained in the starting-reservoir is exhausted. This available sup ly is the predetermined quantity of volati-lie liquid combustible suflicient for starting the engine into 0 eration and maintaining it in operation unti the rotative speed and the internal temperature of the combustion-chamber have reached a point so nearl approaching normal as topermit the amp oyment of the fuel used for the regular operation of the engine, which when the engine is of the type shown in the drawings is a heavy oil-such, for example, as kerosene. The screw. 82 affords the necessary means for manually adjusting the supply of starting fluid to suit varying conditions. By thisarrangement of the reservoir 81, with its outletpassage 79 connected to the jet-nozzle 80 and the passage-way H, which it enters at-right angles thereto, means are provided for raising, atomizing, mixing with the air charge, and

inhaling the volatile liguid combustible solely by governor-controlle atmospheric mechan-' ical action and also for automatically controlling by the action of the overnor itself in close coordination with the owering level of the fuel in the reservoir 81 and also for automatically lessening both the relative and positive quantity of fuel inhaled, so that as the rotative speed of the engine accelerates and its internal tern erature increases the mixture of each coml iustible charge is that required for complete combustion. The engine is thus started into operation Without the commonly attendant troubles of an ex.- cessive supply of fuel, resulting, among other things, in fouling the. engine orof an insufficient supply, which frequently causes the engine to stop during the starting rocess.

After the engine has acquire its normal rotative speed and when the sup ly of fuel in the starting-reservoir 81 is near y exhausted the valve 66 is opened and the en ine takes its regular su ply of heavy oil in t e following manner: he nut 86 is screwed upward until the cam 88 is madetorelease the fin er at such a time as to cause the separating of the points 1 1 just as the crank passes dead center at the completion of the compressionstroke, thereby causing the burningr of the charge at the most efficient stage. he nut 86 is afterward adjusted by the operator as required. As already stated, the outlet 94, which is virtually a jet-nozzle openin at right angles to the passage E, substantial y as the nozzle 80 opens into the passage H, is

' non-volatile dependent of changes connected with the reservoir L through the valve 66, plpe Y64, and removable seat 92, and

the supply is controlled by the valve stem 61. As hereinbefore described, the connect-- ing mechanism between the governor-controlled air-valve stem 54 and this oil-valve stem '61 has been adjusted so that the openin of the oilt;'alve M bears the most efficient re ation to the opening of the air-valve G at all loads of the motor. Therefore when the valve. 66 is o sued the supply of heavy or el-oil is furnished to the engine at the proper rate. The inrushing air passesthe restricted opening 96 at a very high velocity, which at that point, on account of the restriction of the said opening 96 greatly exceeds the velocity of the air travelmg through the passage H or the body of the passage-way E. This accelerated blast of air rushes by the body of the oil-valve M and across the outlet-nozzle 94, thereby producirg a very perfect inductive and atomizing e ect, which not only sucks the oil through the connecting passage-ways from the reservoir L in a positive and reliable manner, but

thoroughly atomizes and mixes it with the air charge. This operation is controlled by the governor, both by its action in restricting the size of theair-opening and the quantity of air admitted, and more directly by micrometrically throttling the oil-supply by the movement of'the valve-stem 61. This inductive, atomizing, and mixing atmospheric mechanical action is entirely automatic, and

as the fuel in the reservoir L is maintained at or very near the level of the outlet 94, so that rob the liquid fuel is supplied to the valve M only at atmospheric pressure, and as neither thereservoir L nor.the connecting fittings are subjected to any heating effect from other parts of the engine at atmospheric temperature While the air supplied to the valve G through the passages 83-and H, also at atmospheric pressure and temperature in this system as in no other, both the fuel and air are supplied to the en ine under identical physical conditions. T is system, therefore, makes theoperation of the engine entirely inin atmospheric temperature or barometric pressure, inasmuch as oth the fuel and air are affected by each and all of such changes in the same manner.

Whenever the engine is stopped, the fact that the level of the oil in the reservoir L is at or below the level of the outlet 94 recludes an waste of oil, and automatical y-establis es safe and positive standby conditions. As the construction of the startin and water reservoirs K is similar, there can e no waste of either liquid in case the engine is stopped.

It is common knowledge among those familiar with the operation of internal-combustion engines that the high temperatures in combustion-chamber and cylinder resulting from high compression interpose a physical obstacle to the commercial employment of compression sufficient to produce the most eflicient results both as to fuel consumption and as to power output for a given'type of engine. This impediment has been especially characteristic of engines using heavy oils for fuel, and it has been necessary in that class of engines to employ lower compression" and larger cylinders, thus making them undully massive and placin them ata great'disa vantage in respect 0 commercial com etition with engines using other forms of fue As a part of my system I employ a water-resen voir74, in which the water is maintainedat a constant level very near the level of the jetnozzle outlet 77, all as hercinb'efore described; After the engine hasbeen started into operation and. its mterior parts have reached normal Working temperatures the v alve 72 is opened and the reservoir/M is filled. The valve 7 2 is opened sufficientlyto insure a constant overflow of water? th'rough-theoverflowpipe 7 5, thereby maintaining acohstant level of, water'in the reservoir =7.4;-,'eve'n 'as'a con-f stant level of oil is maintained inzthe oil-reservoir L. As the nozzle 77; connectiiig+pipe 76, the reservoir 74,1and the adjusting-screw 78 arealike, and bear the same relationto the passage-way H, as the nozzle'80, passage-way 79,, reservoir 81, and adjusting-.screwl82, the action of the inrushing air throu h 'theipassage-Way H inhales, atomizes,1an mixes water with the air charge in the manner hereinbefore described in IGIBIGIIQGzilO the action of thestarting liquid. The passage ofeach accurately-measured. governor-controlled air charge past the nozzle 77 draws ina properly proportioned and accurately-measuredquantity of vWater sufficient for'absorbing' the amount of excessive heat produced "bycoIh- 'pression and the heat-radiating action of the walls of the combustion-chamberz- Inas-' much as the water in the reservoir 74 is main-- tained at a constant level, the amount inhaledby each inrushing air charge depends wholly on the action of the'said a1r.'charge,iwhich-isby thegovernor suitably proportionedto. theengine-load. The presence ofthis pro er amount offinelyratomized water-vapor dis tributed evenly throughout all of the RGXPlO sive charge permits a much higher de rec-of compression, and therefore increases -t e efficiency without retardingor otherwise interfering with the combustion of the compressed charge. At the same time the presence of the water-vapor precludes premature combustion, which .is' characteristic of -many' types of. heavy-oil engines when operating 1fol'geveral hours continuously at or near'fu,

In the engine shown in Figs. VII and VIII,

' which is intended to illustrate the larger'anid morepowerful types of heavy-oil engines, the Stitltll'lgflGSGIVOH P may be an independent fitting on the air-admission pipe, its action be-- of any ing exactly as hereinbefore described in referring to the reservoir 81 of the cup K but for the purposeofincreasing its .efficienc the water is supplied to a water-reservoir not'shown) exactly as the fuel-oil is supplied to the oilreservoir L and is fed to.- the air charge through-the water throttling-valve J, which is-operated directly b the governor in the manner hereinbefore escribed. The action of the said governor-controlled water-valve J. in coordination with the blast of, the inrushmg-governoncontrolled air'charge across the outlet of the said valve J" provides means for automatically supplying to each explosive charge the exact amount of water required for its most eff cient "performance. In this type 'ofengine the forked 'arm 30, with. the connecting-rod 32 and one arm of the threearmed lever 33, connecting it directly with the governor, replaces the nut 86 and by raising or lowering in 29 thegovernor automatically changes t e elevation of the end of the finger 24, and consequently the time at which'it is engaged and released by the cam 27 in'the same manner that the operator by the movement of the knurled nut 86 adjusts the actionof the cam 8 8=and finger in the 'Imannerhereinbefore described. When this engine is at rest or moving slowly, the pin 29 is at hi hest position and the cam, revolving-in the directions'hown by the arrow, revleases the finger 24 when the iston has started on its downward travel, fo lowing thecompletion of engine accelerates in speed the pin 29 is depressed and the time "of firing made earlier and earlier until at the maximum speed it occurs at the vm'ost eflicient oint about the time of the com letion of t e compressionstroke. As will e understood from this description, myinvention comprisesd-irect and positive control in due relation with eachother of the a'ir-su ply by means of the valve.

G,-of the fuel-supp y by means of the valve M, of thewater-supply b means of the valve J, and of, the "time 0f tiring by means of the forked arm 30 and its connecting mechanism, all of the said mechanisms being actuated and controlled' by the governor automatic- I ally-thati'sto say, without the intervention external orindep'endent'agency a pliedfrom the moment the engine is initial y started.

-What I claim as m invention, and desire to secure by'Letters atent, is

'1, In an internal-combustion engine the combination of an air throttling-valve, a fuel throttling valve, -and a water throttlingvalve, w th a governor adapted to vary the quantity of the combustible charge, and the relative proportions of air, fuel and water, in coordination 'with the variations in quantity of said charge 2.'-In an internal-combustion en ine the combination of a governorcontro led airvalve; a governor controlled liquid -fuel valve; a governor-controlled water-valve two reservoirs for containing liquid, each rovided with means for maintaining the surfhce of the liquid contained therein at a constant height; a connecting-passage, or pipe from one of said reservoirs to said-liquid-fuel valve; and a connecting-passage, or pipe from the other of said reservoirs to said water-valve.

3. In an internal-combustion engine the combination of an air throttling-valve, afuel throttling-valve,a water throttling-valve, a liquid-fuel receptacle, and a water-receptacle, each of said receptacles having a discharge passage-way opening into the air-inlet passage at a level above the surface of the liquids contained in said receptacles, with a governor adapted to vary the quantity of the combustible charge, and the relative proportions of air, fuel and water, in coordination with the variations in quantity of said charge.

4. In an internal-combustion engine adapted to inhale water, the combination of a common admission-passage and valve for admitting a mixed charge of air, fuel and water, a governor ada ted to control simultaneously and .indepen ently, the supply of air and fuel contained in each charge; a reservoir for holding water; a pipe, or vertical passageway connecting with said reservoir having an inlet near the bottom of the reservoir, and an outlet in said admission-passage, with means for maintaining a constant level in'said waterreservior, said level being below the level of said outlet in said admission-passage.

5. In an internal-combustion en ine having a cylinder and piston therein ad employ the reduced internal pressure, occur ring during each suction-stroke in order to inhale water as a constituent ingredient of the fuel charge, the combination of a com-' mon admission passage and valve for admitting air, fuel and water, means for enabling said piston during said suction-stroke to inhale the'air, fuel and water, with means for automatically var ing in coordination the proportions of sai air, fuel and water, and the volume of mixture, so as to provide relatively weaker mixtures for higher compressions and increasingly stronger mixtures for the lower compressions.

6. In an internal-combustion engine having inde endent air, fuel and water valves, the com ination with a governor. of means for enabling said governor to vary the relative proportions of air, fueland 'Water contained inthe combustible mixture, and an ignition mechanism operatively connected with said governor for varying the time of ignition in coordination with said variation in relative proportions, substantially as, and for the purpose specified.

7. In an intcrnal-combustion engine in which the governor controls simultaneously apted to and independently the supply of air, fuel and water, composing the successive char es admitted to t e engine, and the time o firing each charge, the combination of an air throttling-valve, a fuel throttling-valve, and a water throttling-valve, with a governor ada ted to vary the quantity of the combustible charge, and the relative proportions of air, fuel and water, in coordination with the variation in quantity of said charge.

8. In an internalcombustion engine in which the governor controls simultaneously and independently, the supply of air, fuel and water composing the successive charges admitted to the engine, and the time of firing each charge, the combination of an air throttling-valve, a fuel throttling-valve and a water throttling-valve, all openin into a common admission-passage, or va ve-chamber, and an electrical ignition-timing mechanism, with a governor, adapted to control in unison, the proportions and quantity of air, fuel and water, and the time of ignition.

9. The combination with an internal-combustion engine of a governor adapted to control in unison the relative movements of an air-valve, a fuel-valve, a water-s11 ply device, and an electric ignition-timing dhvlce; said governor operatively controlling in comm n the movements of said mechanlsms, so as "0 determine (1) the relative proportions of air, fuel and water contained in each combustible charge; (2) the volume of each charge; and thereby the degree of compression of each charge; (3) the internal temperature of the combustion-chamber; -(4) and the time of ignition of said combustible charge.

10. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination of a governor adapted to control an air-valve, a fuel-valve, a water-supply mechanism, and an ignition-timing mec anism, so as to alter the time of firing, and the relative proportions between the air, fuel and water, and the total quantit of said air, fuel and Water entering the com ustion-ohamber of the engine, and thereby the compression, and temperature of each successive combustible charge in said combustion-chamber, in response to the variations in speed, or power, with means for changing the limits of rotative speed within which said governor performs said common control. 7

11. In an internal-combustion engine in which the governor controls simultaneously and independently, the supply of air, fuel and water composing the successive charges admitted to the engine, the combination of a liquid-fuel reservoir and a water-reservoir,

each of said reservoirs connecting with a 'valves, and a working piston a apted by its whereby said overnor; varies the vo nation of a liquidthrottling-valve, an air .throtthng-valve, a

movementfduring the suction-stroke to inue'l reservoir, a liquid-fuel governor, and valve-operating devices connected with said governor for imparting movements to each of said throttlin -valves ume of mixture and a so increases the proportion of fuel as the volumeof mixture is ecreased; with means forenabling said piston to inhale liquid fuel fromsaid reservoir during the suction-stroke, the air and fuelbeing inhaled at the same time, temperature and pressure, and

at a commonplace of admission, substantially as described.

13. In an internal-combustion engine adapted, to inhale water forinternal cooling, thecombination of a piston adapted by its suction movement to inhale each ingredient of a combustible mixture at the same time, the same temperature, under the same pres.- sure, and through the same admission-valve and also to atomize and commingle the liquid in edients with the air-supply; a overnor a apted to vary the volume of the 'uel mixtures, as well as the relative pro ortions of the constituent ingredients in sai mixtures; a'combustion-chamber in which the air charge absorbs and incor orates the vapors evolved from the atomize liquids commingled with, and held in suspension by said air charge; substantially as, andfor the pur ose specified.

14. The combination with t e admissionpassage of an internal-combustion engine,'of a: combusti'on ohamber in which the vapors of the liquid ingredients of the fuel charge I are evolved by heat while intermingled with the air charge, and of air,"fuel and water are evolved by heat while intermingled with throttling-valves communicating with said admission-passage; and a governor having a yielding connection with two of said throttling-valves and a rigid connection with the third.

15. In an internal-combustion engine the combination, with an air-admission passage of a liquid throttling-valve consisting of a tubular body so ported by, and passing across said air-a mission passage and held therein by a nut or screws, having a centrallylocated outlet-opening in theform of a nozzle in the path of the air through said air-admission passage; a screwed valve-stem within saidody, a hollow removabl'eseat within said body, meeting said stem at or near said outlet, and a gland or packing nut for preventing leakage about said stem.

16. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination ofanadmissiompassage; a perforated pipe connecting said passage with the atmosphere; an admi'ssionvalve, connecting said passage with the combustion-chamber; an air throttling-valve restricting. said pas sage; a fuel throttling-valve supported by, and opening into said assage; between said air throttling-valve'an said admission-valve,

having an outlet at substantially right, angles to said passage, in close proximity to the restricted opening of said air throttling-valve; an inertiagovernor; a yielding connection with said fuel throttling-valve andmechanism for actuating said fuel throttling-valve by said governor through said yielding connection, so as to vary both the actual and the relative openings of said throttling-valve.

17. In an 1nternal-combustion engine adapted to have its operation, started by means of a limited, or predetermined supply of volatile li uid fuel, the surface levelof which is stea ily' lowered, and the quantity contained in each successive charge continuously lessened, the combination of a governoractuated airthrottling valve, a reservoir for holding the predetermined sup ly of volatile liquid fuel, an opening in said reservoir for filing the same, a pipe or passage-way connecting the lower part of said reservoir with the inlet-passage of said air throttling-valve, having an outlet lower than said opening for filling, but arranged so that said reservoir cannot be em tied by gravity; said outlet dischar ing substantiall at a right angle to the pat or direction o the aircurrent, entering said air throttlin -valve.

JOHN AisTYNE- snooa. Witnesses:

JAMES A. WHITNEY, Gino; R. HALL. 

